Knowledge assessment and sharing on sustainable agriculture. Main results, gaps in knowledge and challenges in the Latin American platform.

1 CD-ROM. Projeto DG-Research - Contract nº GOCE-CT-2004-505582

Knowledge assessment and sharing on sustainable agriculture. Main lessons.

1 CD-ROM. Projeto DG-Research - Contract nº GOCE-CT-2004-505582

Comment limiter la teneur en nitrate des laitues? Contribution à la modélisation des effets d'un stress azoté dans le cadre du projet européen NICOLET

National audienc

Mise au point d'un modele d'optimisation de la date d'un traitement insecticide contre le puceron des epis, Sitobion avenae, dans une perspective de lutte integree

National audienc

An optimization of the effect of deltamethrin against the grain aphid Sitobion avenae

International audienc

An optimization of the effect of deltamethrin against the grain aphid Sitobion avenae

National audienc

Weed response and crop growth in winter wheat-lucerne intercropping: a comparison of conventional and reduced soil-tillage conditions in northern France

International audienceChanging agricultural practices from conventional to conservation tillage generally leads to increased weed populations and herbicide use. To gain information about the possible use of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cover crop as an alternative and sustainable weed-control strategy for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was performed at Thiverval-Grignon, France, from 2008 to 2010. We compared conventional and reduced tillage as well as the presence 5 and absence of living mulch (i.e. lucerne) on weeds and wheat production. Percentage soil coverage and aboveground biomass of wheat, lucerne and weeds were measured at the end of grain filling. Weed communities were analysed in terms of composition and diversity. During both seasons, wheat biomass did not significantly decrease in reduced-till trials compared with conventional ones (7.0 and 7.2 t ha –1 , respectively, in 2008–09; 6.9 and 7.1 t ha –1 in 2009–10). Regardless of soil management, the percentage soil coverage by wheat significantly decreased when it was intercropped, although 10 wheat biomass was not significantly reduced compared with the sole crop. To minimise cash-crop losses, we studied the competition between wheat, lucerne and weeds, testing various herbicide strategies. Early control of lucerne allowed better balance between weed control and wheat development. In addition, weed communities varied among treatments in terms of abundance and composition, being reduced but more varied in plots associated with lucerne. A functional group analysis showed that grasses benefited from reduced-till conditions, whereas problematic weeds such as annuals with 15 creeping and climbing morphologies were substantially reduced. In addition, annual and perennial broad-leaf species with rosette morphology were also significantly decreased when lucerne was used as living mulch. Wheat production in reduced-till conditions intercropped with lucerne living mulch may be useful for integrated weed management, reducing the need for herbicides. Additional keywords: cover crop, plant biomass, reduced inputs, weed biocontrol, weed diversity

Mitigating CH4 and N2O emissions from intensive rice production systems in northern Vietnam: Efficiency of drainage patterns in combination with rice residue incorporation

Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies are often constrained by rice farmers’ preferences, therefore an assessment of mitigation strategies taking farmers’ constraints into consideration, are important for their pos- sible adoption. The field experiments were conducted for two continuous rice-growing seasons in northern Vietnam, to evaluate the effectiveness of drainage patterns on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under farmers’ variable conditions. Two improved drainage practices (pre-planting plus midseason [PM] drai- nage and early-season plus midseason [EM] drainage) were compared with local practices of water management (midseason drainage [M] and conventional continuous flooding (control) [C]) with full residue [F] and reduced residue [R] (local practice of residue management) incorporation. The GHG mitigation potential of water re- gimes was tested in two water management systems (efficient field water management [EWM] system and inefficient field water management [IWM] system). In EWM system, EM resulted an average 14% and 55% reduction in CH4 emission